Credit institutions and the environment: introduction and promotion of environmental sustainability criteria in the financial sector
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71296/rarap.470Keywords:
sustainable finance, sustainable banking, banking supervision, credit institutions, green finance, environment, European Union, climate change, environmental risks, sustainable developmentAbstract
Nowadays, there is an undeniable growing concern about the impact of human activities on the environment. In this sense, the financial system can play a crucial role as responsible for the channeling of resources towards sustainable investments. Within the financial sector, banking institutions have, in particular, a central role in the implementation of sustainable development, from both a quantitative and qualitative point of view. Nevertheless, in practice, it has been observed that credit institutions are not conducting generalized sustainable practices. In order to change this situation, achieving the introduction of environmental criteria in the financial decision-making processes, there are diverse policies that could be enforced and which would involve different degrees of public intervention in the freedom of credit institutions (build up an activity classification framework, impose reporting obligations, measure environmental risks, conduct stress test, set limits to large exposures in non-sustainable activities or specific prudential requirements). Whatever the regulatory option was, a careful weighing of public and private interests involved must be carried out. This judgment should respect the nature of the prudential model in force, which is risk-based, and should avoid impacts on the credibility of a trust-based system, which is, therefore, very sensitive to changes.
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